Archive for the Plant Focus department

Plant Focus: Obedient Plant

September 4, 2019 • Leave a Comment

Physostegia virginiana ‘Pink Bouquet’ (Photo: Jonathon Hofley / Michigan Gardner) — *Physostegia virginiana* ‘Pink Bouquet’ (Photo: Jonathon Hofley / Michigan Gardener)

By George Papadelis

Obedient Plant is a truly versatile plant, with many desirable features that make this North American native an asset in a sunny perennial garden. The flowers somewhat resemble a dragon’s head and thus the common name of “false dragonhead” evolved. These one-inch flowers come in white or shades of pink and are formed in straight rows along a narrow, pointed, spike-like flower head. Although it is a bit deceiving, the common name “obedient plant” developed for another good reason. If pushed to one side, the individual flowers stay in that position for quite a while and are therefore “obedient.” In his book, The Harrowsmith Perennial Garden, Patrick Lima describes it this way: “If you have nothing else to do, you can reposition the individual flowers, which are attached to their stems by the botanical equivalent of a ball-and-socket joint.”

The term “obedient” cannot be confused with the plant’s growth habit, which is, in fact, quite the opposite. If left to do as it wants, this plant produces underground stolons that will make a large clump from a single plant in just one season. This is especially true in well-cultivated, rich soil. Therefore, I recommend planting in poorer soil or be prepared to divide this spreader every year or two in the spring.

Physostegia virginiana ‘Variegata’ (Photo: Eric Hofley / Michigan Gardner) — *Physostegia virginiana* ‘Variegata’ (Photo: Eric Hofley / Michigan Gardener)

Left: Physostegia virginiana (Photo: Stephen Still) Right: Physostegia virginiana ‘Variegata’ (Photo: White Flower Farm/Michael Dodge)

Obedient plant likes full sun and may require staking if planted in part sun or in rich soil. It will begin blooming in August and will continue through the end of September. It has strong, straight stems and long-lasting flowers that make this a popular and beautiful cut flower.

Several different varieties are available. ‘Summer Snow’ is a nice 28-inch tall, white selection, but the most popular color is pink. ‘Pink Bouquet’ is widely used, but grows 3 to 4 feet tall. For a deeper pink on a less floppy, 20-inch tall plant, try ‘Vivid.’ For a wonderful combination of flowers and foliage, use ‘Variegata,’ which has the typical pink blooms but also glowing, white-edged leaves. These stand out in any flower bed and give this variety a much longer season of interest.

If you are willing to curb this plant’s appetite for space, Physostegia may work well for you. As a cut flower or a late-blooming perennial, this plant grows easily. If all else fails, you can always show a fellow gardener why this is called the obedient plant!

Obedient Plant

Botanical name: Physostegia virginiana (figh-so-STEE-jee-a vir-jin-ee-AH-na)
Common name: Obedient plant, false dragonhead
Plant type: Perennial
Plant size: 20 to 42 inches tall
Flower colors: White, rich pink
Flower size: 1 inch long, on spikes above the foliage
Bloom period: August and September
Leaves: Green, narrow, 3 to 5 inches long; also green with white edges
Light: Sun to partial shade
Soil: Grows in most soils; poorer soils will slow rapid spreading
Uses: Cut flowers, wildflower garden, larger naturalized areas
Remarks: Will spread aggressively. If used in the perennial border, plan on lifting and dividing every year or two. May require staking when grown in partial shade or highly fertile soil.

George Papadelis is the owner of Telly’s Greenhouse in Troy and Shelby Township, MI.

Plant Focus: Glory of the snow

March 5, 2019 • Leave a Comment

Chionodoxa ‘Pink Giant’ (Photo: Wayside Gardens) — *Chionodoxa* ‘Pink Giant’ (Photo: Wayside Gardens)

By George Papadelis

As spring approaches, gardeners seek the familiar signs of yet another growing season. Even before trees produce their leaves and the spring equinox arrives, the garden can be alive with color from early blooming bulbs. In February, some warming can bring up an occasional flower or two, but by March, color is almost guaranteed through the planting of crocus, snowdrops, or this month’s featured plant, glory of the snow (Chionodoxa).

Chionodoxa luciliae (Photo: Netherlands Flower Bulb Info. Center) — *Chionodoxa luciliae* (Photo: Netherlands Flower Bulb Info. Center)

By late March (sometimes early April), glory of the snow produces 6 to 10 one-inch wide single flowers that last 3 to 4 weeks. Besides their vibrant color, these starry flowers are unique in that each blossom has a distinct white center. The species Chionodoxa forbesii (formerly C. luciliae) has glowing blue flowers, while the variety ‘Pink Giant’ has rosy-pink blooms. Both grow 6 to 10 inches tall. Since the flowers are small, a planting of 20 to 50 bulbs would provide the best show. This is also economically practical since the bulbs are usually inexpensive.

*Chionodoxa gigantea* (Photo: Netherlands Flower Bulb Info. Center)

Glory of the snow is very easy to grow and amongst the hardiest of all bulbs. Only well-drained soil and some sun are required for good performance. Bulbs should be planted with bulb fertilizer in the fall about 3 inches deep and 3 to 4 inches apart. Glory of the snow self-sows and divides itself very freely to form self-sustaining clumps that may last effortlessly for years. However, best results occur if the younger bulbs or “offsets” are dug up in May and replanted with fresh soil, fertilizer, and adequate space.

The only pest problem may be a hungry squirrel looking for a freshly planted snack. If this is a threat in your garden, some chicken wire buried above the bulbs usually does the trick.

Plant glory of the snow in clumps around trees, in the rock garden, or even in your lawn. It works wonderfully alone or in combination with other spring-blooming bulbs. Later-blooming bulbs such as tulips can also be placed in the same planting hole since they require deeper planting depths of 6 to 10 inches. Glory of the snow thrives in woodland situations if tree leaves are shredded, mulched, or raked off to assist them in spring emergence.

This tiny spring treasure is a must for any garden because of its versatility, performance, and durability. Try it almost anywhere! Just a few minutes of digging in the fall will allow glory of the snow to grace you with its presence for many years to come.

Glory of the snow (Chionodoxa)

Pronunciation: ky-on-oh-DOK-suh

Plant Type: Bulb

Plant Size: 5-10 inches tall

Flower Color: Rich blue with white centers (most common); also pink, white

Flower Size: 1 inch wide

Bloom Period: Late March – Early April

Leaves: Narrow, upright sprays

Light: Sun-light shade

Soil: Well-drained

Hardiness: Zone 3

Uses: Border, woodland areas, rock garden, nauralizer, lawn

Remarks: Plant in the fall, 3-4 inches deep

Plant Focus: Colchicum and Fall Crocus

August 31, 2018 • Leave a Comment

colchicum-hill — Fall-blooming crocus or colchicum bulbs are durable, long-lived, low maintenance wonders.

Gardeners looking to extend their garden’s blooming season far into the fall have a limited palette from which to choose. Fall pansies continue to grow in popularity and usually provide color until a hard freeze between Thanksgiving and Christmas. In a protected area these will often return the following spring and bloom until the heat of the summer knocks them out. For reliable October perennials, fall-blooming crocus or colchicum will do the trick. They come in a variety of colors ranging from rose, pink, violet, and white. Both produce chalice-shaped blossoms that poke through fallen leaves when you least expect them.

There are actually two types of these fall bloomers. It is very easy to confuse the autumn-flowering Crocus or “fall crocus” (a member of the iris family) with the Colchicum or “autumn crocus” (a member of the lily family) because of similarly shaped and colored flowers. Some differences, however, do exist.

Colchicum usually have layered blossoms on taller plants that flower a little later than autumn-flowering crocus. The other major difference is the price: fall-blooming crocus is much less expensive than colchicum.

Both types will produce green foliage in the spring that turns yellow by June. In fall, blooms appear without foliage, thus producing the nickname “naked boys” for colchicum. Crocus require a planting depth of 3 to 4 inches while colchicum prefer a 4 to 6 inch planting depth. Both prefer well-drained soil amended with bulb fertilizer, and both will tolerate full sun to partial shade. Both are reliable as naturalizers, which means they will return yearly without any fuss. Use groundcovers such as ivy, pachysandra, myrtle, or even your existing lawn to camouflage the spring foliage. This may also protect the bulb from getting damaged when, inevitably, its location is forgotten during the summer. Several colchicum varieties are readily available and will bloom this fall whether you plant them outside or not. These corms will even flower on a table without water or soil, and will survive as long as they are planted outside shortly thereafter.

All colchicum are poisonous, so squirrels are not likely to present a problem. Colchicum also makes an interesting and attractive cut flower because it doesn’t require water and stays fresh for days. The hybrid variety ‘Waterlily’ is 8 to 12 inches tall and has large, fully double, pink blooms in early to mid October. ‘Lilac Wonder’ has thinner petals and single pink blooms in early October. Other varieties exist but expect to pay more for rare ones such as the double white version.

Fall crocus (Crocus speciosus) are far more economical and therefore are perfect for mass plantings. The lavender-blue flowers open in the sun and close at night or during inclement weather. Although squirrels like these corms, other food is readily available in the fall during planting time. Once established, fall crocus divide into “cormlets” so easily that it would be almost impossible for animals to get every last one.

These 5- to 6-inch tall beauties are snow tolerant and naturalize exceptionally well. In addition to Crocus speciosus, with a little extra winter protection you can also try saffron crocus (Crocus sativus), from which the highly sought after saffron is harvested.

Use fall-blooming crocus or colchicum bulbs in perennial beds, rock gardens, or tucked beneath deciduous trees or shrubs. They are durable, long-lived, low maintenance wonders and a perfect way to end the garden’s flowering season.

George Papadelis is the owner of Telly’s Greenhouse in Troy and Shelby Township, MI.

Plant Focus: Plumbago

January 6, 2018 • Leave a Comment

By George Papadelis

In the fall, most gardeners are amazed to find a multitude of blooming perennials that are available to brighten up their autumn garden. Besides mums, gardeners may choose from many underused late-blooming plants such as toad lily, butterfly bush, caryopteris, perennial lobelia, yellow wax bells, asters, hibiscus, and many more. Unfortunately, many gardeners shop for flowers in the spring and summer when the fall bloomers are difficult to appreciate and are often overlooked.

One of the most versatile and underused fall boomers is plumbago (Ceratostigma plumbaginoides). This perennial may be used as a groundcover in masses or as a clump-forming accent plant. It forms vibrant blue flowers that last from late summer well into the fall months. In the fall, the olive green foliage turns a bronze-red that provides a tasteful contrast to the bright blue blossoms.

Plumbago grows 8 to 12 inches tall and will grow in both sun or almost full shade. It prefers well-drained organic soil especially when winters are wet. To ensure overwintering, plant by late September so plants will become well established before winter sets in. Also provide a protective layer of mulch in late November or early December to eliminate soil temperature fluctuations. During the winter, plumbago dies completely to the ground and then emerges late in the spring. Gardeners need to be patient for this new growth to appear.

Plumbago’s small blue flowers are a great source of fall color in rock gardens and short border plantings. Also use it as a unique underplanting for trees and shrubs because of its beautiful color and texture. Whatever its use, plumbago’s brilliant flowers, excellent fall color, and short growth habit make this a versatile plant in any garden needing plants with late season interest.

George Papadelis is the owner of Telly’s Greenhouse in Troy and Shelby Township, MI.

Plant Focus: Columbine

May 16, 2017 • 1 Comment

columbine-pink-0517 — Columbines flower from late spring to early summer for about 3 to 4 weeks. Photo: Eric Hofley / Michigan Gardener

By George Papadelis

A garden without columbine is simply incomplete. Columbine (Aquilegia) comes in a wide range of colors. It produces masses of brilliant 1-to 2-inch flowers that are exquisite when appreciated up close as well as from a distance. They grow in light to moderate shade and flower from late spring to early summer for about 3 to 4 weeks. During this period, few plants can produce a show of color that rivals this one. As an effective source of color, no shade garden should be without this plant.

Most columbine varieties are readily available since this plant grows from seed that is easy to find. Young plants that have not been subjected to a sufficient cold period usually do not flower during the first season. By the second season, columbine will reach its peak and flower profusely. By the third year, plants usually decline in performance and will rarely overwinter for the fourth season. This is one of columbine’s shortcomings and should be realized before a gardener’s expectations are not met. However, many columbines drop seeds after flowering that may germinate and produce offspring in a similar color range.

A popular variety is a mixture called ‘McKana’s Giants.’ These have huge flowers on 36-inch plants in a wonderful mixture that includes reds, yellows, blues, pinks, and whites. Another popular type is the Songbird series. These individual varieties have names like ‘Blue Jay,’ ‘Dove’ and ‘Robin’ that sport colors like blue, white, and pink respectively. Another new one is the Barlow series. These have interesting double flowers and come in colors like ‘Black Barlow,’ ‘Blue Barlow,’ and ‘Rose Barlow.’

Dwarf varieties, called fan columbine, also exist. These only grow about 6 inches tall and come in blue or white.

The native varieties like Aquilegia canadensis and Aquilegia crysantha have bicolored red and yellow blossoms and all yellow blossoms, respectively. These flowers are a little smaller but these two are best for reseeding to naturalize a shady area.

For the enthusiast, collector or obsessed gardener, several unusual varieties can be found. Look for ‘Ruby Port’ which has interesting fully double maroon-red flowers—spectacular when viewed up close! Also look for the sweetly scented, chocolate-brown flowers of Aquilegia viridiflora—very rare! Some varieties like ‘Lime Frost’ even have variegated foliage. Hybridizers have produced hundreds of variations in interesting colors and forms to keep any gardener in awe.

Columbine has come a long way since its humble beginnings and deserves a place in the shade garden or even the rock garden. Try some short ones or try some tall ones, try some white ones or try some black ones. What ever your taste may be, columbine surely has a plant that’s right for you.

At a glance: Columbine

Botanical name
Aquilegia (ah-kwi-LEE-gee-a)

Plant type
Perennial

Plant size
6-36 inches tall

Flower colors
Wide variety – yellow, red, blue, purple, pink, white, pastels

Flower size
1-2 inches wide

Bloom period
Late spring to early summer

Leaves
Blue-gray-green color; attractive foliage from mid-spring to mid-summer

Light
Light shade to shade

Soil
Well-drained, moist

Hardiness
Zone 3

Uses
Shade garden, rock garden, naturalized areas

Remarks
Plant is short-lived: 1st year: young plants may not flower; 2nd year: peak blooms; 3rd year: weaker blooms; 4th year: not likely to overwinter. However, many plants will drop seeds that germinate for the following season. Ideally, grow columbine where other plants will camouflage the plant’s fading foliage in midsummer.

George Papadelis is the owner of Telly’s Greenhouse in Troy, Shelby Township, and Pontiac, MI.

Plant Focus: Cushion spurge (Euphorbia)

July 1, 2015 • 4 Comments

Left: Cushion Spurge (Euphorbia polychroma),Right: Purple wood spurge (Euphorbia amygdaloides ‘Purpurea’) — **Left**: Cushion Spurge (*Euphorbia polychroma*),
**Right**: Purple wood spurge (*Euphorbia amygdaloides* ‘Purpurea’)

by George Papadelis

While English gardeners have prized the merits of cushion spurge (euphorbia) for several years, most American (Michigan) landscapes have yet to benefit from their striking foliage, form, and flowers. Besides poinsettias, the most common American euphorbia is E. polychroma (also called E. epithymoides) whose bright yellow flower bracts in May are followed by an attractive 15-inch clump of pale green foliage. However, several exciting perennial varieties of euphorbias have become more readily available. For a truly stunning display from spring until fall try purple wood spurge (E. amygdaloides ‘Purpurea’). The purple-red new growth is followed by deep green leaves held on sturdy 15-inch stems providing the excellent form for which this genus is so well known. Clusters of chartreuse flowers in spring are an attractive contrast to the foliage. A light winter mulch is recommended but this easy-to-grow plant will tolerate a poor soil and prefers full or partial sun.

For similar striking foliage in your perennial border, E. griffithii ‘Fireglow’ has a much larger growth habit. The pinkish-purple young growth is followed by fiery orange flower bracts in May and June. Sturdy stems support this tidy clump until fall when the foliage ripens to hues of yellow and red. This hardier euphorbia has similar cultural requirements as the aforementioned varieties, but prefers more moisture.

For rock gardens or stone walls, donkey tail spurge (E. myrsinites) is an interesting, low-spreading plant. Stems covered with blue-gray leaves produce contrasting sulfur-yellow flower bracts only 6-inches tall in late spring. Unlike most other euphorbias, this variety tends to be short-lived, but is really worth its life span.

Another euphorbia unjustly underused is an old fashioned annual referred to as snow-on-the-mountain E. marginata. Grown for its showy foliage, lower leaves are a glossy green while upper leaves are white margined. This foliage combines beautifully with brightly colored annuals or can be used as an interesting cut flower. Try the more compact variety ‘Summer Icicle’ which only grows 24-inches tall.

Whether it’s annual or perennial, common or rare, euphorbias deserve a place in your border or rock garden. Please keep in mind that many euphorbias produce a sticky sap that can cause skin irritation.

George Papadelis is the owner of Telly’s Greenhouse in Troy, Shelby Township, and Pontiac, MI.

Plant Focus: Sweet Pea

June 16, 2012 • Leave a Comment

winter-elegance — ‘Winter Elegance’ / Photo: Park Seed Company

By George Papadelis

Annual sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus) is a beautiful climbing plant for almost any garden. The real appeal lies in their fragrance. The flowers emit a sweet, honey fragrance that perfumes the air. It is one of the most graceful and classic annuals, bearing pea-like flowers in a wide range of colors.

painted-lady — ‘Painted Lady’ / Photo: Johnny’s Selected Seeds

Sweet peas are a textbook example of the pros and cons in extensive hybridization. In 1696, the flower and fragrance of the wild sweet pea caught the eye (and nose) of the Franciscan monk, Father Cupani, as it bloomed in his monastery garden in Sicily. He shared the seed with a British plant collector who quickly distributed it throughout England where Lathyrus became quite a novelty. In the late 1800’s, breeding efforts resulted in bigger blooms, more colors, and interesting flowers that made sweet peas extremely popular. Many of these new “improved” varieties, however, lost their distinctive fragrance. The old-fashioned scented varieties became rare and were nearly lost. Now, both the attractive flowers and beautiful fragrance of Lathyrus odoratus are regaining popularity.

Most sweet peas will climb to about 6 feet by means of short, wiry tendrils. This will require support from a fence, wire, trellis, or even a shrub. In its native Italy, sweet peas were found growing along cool river banks, in open woods, and in pastures. There, temperatures were cool, soil was rich, and sunlight was strong. Therefore, avoid subjecting roots to dry, infertile soil and keep plants from overheating. Pinch off spent blooms to prevent energy loss to seed formation. This and proper cultural care will encourage flower production from summer until fall.

unwins-striped-mix — ‘Unwins Striped Mix’ / Photo: Johnny’s Selected Seeds

Sweet pea’s beautiful flowers, wonderful fragrance, and good vase life make them a terrific cut flower. Their climbing habit makes them perfect for vertical gardening, but even without support, sweet peas can create a colorful annual underplanting between large perennials or shrubs. In containers, they cascade vigorously over the sides and can be controlled with some selective pinching to maintain a tidy size and appearance. Sweet pea’s delicate foliage and classic flowers are great companions for the popular obelisks and wire plant towers that ornament many of today’s gardens.

Sweet peas are very easy to grow from seed. Plants may be started in a cool place indoors or planted directly outdoors when the soil is workable. Allow the seeds to soak for 36 hours and sink them 1 inch below the soil surface. Germination is reduced at temperatures above 75 degrees, so don’t wait until the hotter days of spring to get started outdoors. It is ideal to plant them in a cool location since peas do not perform well in high temperatures. Eastern exposure or protection from midday sun would be ideal.

Although the antique varieties are difficult to find, they are available from some obscure sources. Some of the more fragrant old favorites include ‘Painted Lady,’ a pink and white bicolor introduced in 1737; the rose and pink ‘Blanche Ferry’; the deep maroon ‘Black Knight’; and of course the deep purple and blue flowers of ‘Cupani’s Original.’ Modern hybrids are less fragrant, but produce exquisite large flowers in separate colors that include shades of blue, pink, lavender, white, salmon, and scarlet. There are even dwarf bush types available that only grow 10 to 12 inches tall and can be used to create a unique border plant. Today’s gardener can use sweet peas to satisfy their desire for unusual plants, fragrant flowers, or old-fashioned gardens.

old-spice-mix — ‘Old Spice Mix’ / Photo: Johnny’s Selected Seeds

Lathyrus odoratus
(LATH-ur-rus oh-dor-AH-tus)

Common name: Annual sweet pea / nasturtium
Plant type: Annual
Plant size: Height: 2-8 feet
Habit: Bushy or climbing annual
Flower colors: Pinks, reds, blues, purples, white
Flower size: 1-1/2 inches long, butterfly-like flower shape
Bloom period: Summer
Leaf color: Green to gray-green
Leaf size: 2 inches long
Light: Full sun to dappled shade
Soil: Rich, well-drained soil
Uses: Vertical accent; cut flower; adds fragrance to the garden
Remarks: Uses tendrils to climb; train up pyramids made from bamboo poles and string, or trellises. Add organic matter to the soil for best results. Deadhead to prolong blooming.

George Papadelis is the owner of Telly’s Greenhouse in Troy, MI.

Plant Focus: Snowdrops

April 9, 2012 • 3 Comments

galanthus-nivalis — Galanthus nivalis (photo: K. Van Bourgondien & Sons)

by George Papadelis

galanthus-elwesii — Galanthus elwesii (Photo: Old House Gardens)

The very first bulb to cheerfully announce spring is the snowdrop. As the last winter snow melts, carpets of delicate white flowers emerge through last year’s fallen leaves. Snowdrops will reliably return year after year despite Mother Nature’s most challenging winters. The botanical name, Galanthus, comes from the Greek words Gala meaning “milk” and anthos meaning “flower.” They will thrive in the rich, moist soil usually found in the shade provided by deciduous trees. Few bulbs can tolerate shade, but snowdrops develop in the winter sun well before the leaves of trees and shrubs have expanded. Their flowers last for several weeks beginning in early March and persisting through the cool days of spring in early April. Once planted, Galanthus require no maintenance.

One of the most treasured features of this easy-to-grow perennial is its ability to propagate on its own and develop into large masses. It is this trait that gives snowdrops the label “good naturalizer.” Many other popular bulbs such as tulips, hyacinths, and alliums flower beautifully the first few seasons, but eventually weaken and disappear. Galanthus may be left undisturbed for years to form large, densely packed colonies.

galanthus-nivalis-s-arnott — Galanthus nivalis ‘S. Arnott’ (Photo: Old House Gardens)

The most readily available bulbs are those of Galanthus nivalis or common snowdrop. Its flowers of 3 nodding bells are 1 inch long and white, surrounding smaller petals bearing a hint of green. Height may vary from 4 to 8 inches. The giant snowdrop or Galanthus elwesii has flowers up to 2 inches long and grows up to 12 inches tall. Many varieties exist with minor variations in flower size, color, and form. Galanthus nivalis ‘Flore Pleno’ produces interesting double flowers that can only be appreciated by closely admiring them at ground level. Galanthus nivalis ‘Sam Arnott’ grows vigorously and produces extra large flowers. All snowdrop flowers bear a faint honey fragrance that increases as the colony expands. If the early season ground is not too frozen, a small division may be dug and potted indoors for a fragrant sampling of spring glory.

galanthus-nivalis-flore-pleno — Galanthus nivalis ‘Flore Pleno’ (Photo: Park Seed Company)

Snowdrop bulbs are always available in fall and are very inexpensive. Bulbs should be planted in drifts of 25 or more for the best show. For that “natural” look, the best way to space bulbs is to toss them on the soil and plant them where they land. Work in organic matter such as compost, sphagnum peat moss, or aged pine bark and bury bulbs 3 inches deep. After a few seasons, clumps may be lifted after flowering and divided into sections of 3 to 4 bulbs for replanting. Plant them in a rock garden, as an edging plant, under trees, or along a woodland path or border.

Snowdrops flower at a time when few other plants are in bloom. The bright yellow blossoms of winter aconite (Eranthis) are an exception that will thrive alongside snowdrops. Hellebores, or lenten roses, also come into bloom this early. Their large, coarse leaves and showy flowers would certainly benefit from an underplanting of Galanthus. Of course, the showiest companion for any spring bulb is the pansy. When planted in the fall, pansies will bloom until the holidays and begin again at the first hint of warm weather.

Snowdrops may also be forced to bloom indoors ahead of their outdoor schedule. Using well-drained soil, plant bulbs 1/2 inch deep and 2 to 3 inches apart in a 6 inch pot. Water and store in a garage or refrigerator where temperatures can be maintained between 35 and 45 degrees for 8 to 10 weeks. Snowdrops will bloom 2 to 3 weeks after moving to a warm, brightly lit location. Plant outdoors when flowering is complete and wait for a repeat performance next spring!

Galanthus nivalis (guh-LAN-thuss nih-VAHL-iss)

Common name: Snowdrop
Plant type: Bulb
Plant size: 4-12 inches tall and wide
Hardiness: Zone 4
Flower color: White
Flower size: 1-2 inches long
Bloom period: March-early April
Leaf color: Bluish-green
Leaf size: 4-6 inches long; 1/4-1 inch wide
Light: Partial shade
Soil: Well-drained, rich, moist soil
Uses: Woodland garden or path, rock garden, underneath deciduous trees
Remarks: The first bulb to announce that spring has nearly arrived! Good naturalizer, as it forms clumps that increase in size to form larger masses. Since bulbs are small and inexpensive, plant in drifts of a couple dozen or more.

George Papadelis is the owner of Telly’s Greenhouse in Troy, MI.

Plant Focus: Sweet Potato Vine

July 1, 2011 •

Photos courtesy White Flower Farm
‘Blackie’by George Papadelis

sweet-potato-vine-margarita-pennisetum-coleus ‘Margarita’, Pennisetum and Coleus.American gardeners have made huge strides in their efforts to reproduce the incredible combinations of color, form, and texture produced by the English. Gardeners have put less and less focus on flowers, and more on interesting foliage. This shift has made certain plants extremely popular lately. Among the annuals, silver has become a staple. Dusty miller and especially licorice plant are in higher demand than ever before. Among the silver perennials, lamium and lamb’s ear (the non-blooming form), for shade and sun respectively, are priceless in any combination. The multicolored leaves of annuals like Caladium, Phormium, and coleus make incredible accents in both beds and containers. This month’s featured plant is readily available to provide you with beautiful gold or black foliage. Ipomoea batatas ‘Margarita,’ golden sweet potato vine, has large, heart-shaped leaves of chartreuse that grow on vigorous trailing vines. In contrast, Ipomoea batatas ‘Blackie,’ has blackish burgundy leaves on vigorous trailing vines. These vines will not climb, they will only trail. In the past 2 or 3 years, more and more gardeners have relied on these for an easy-to-grow, black- or gold-leafed, cascading plant.

Sweet potato vines are extremely versatile and easy to grow. I have seen very happy plants in the full sun and heat of North Carolina, as well as in planters with impatiens in full shade. They are not prone to pest or disease problems, and once established, they are tolerant of both wet and dry conditions. The common name is accurate; plants will produce edible sweet potatoes. Although they are almost always grown from cuttings, gardeners are always surprised when removing plants in the fall, since a large potato will have developed below the soil. This can be stored and propagated the following spring, but most gardeners find this difficult and will usually acquire fresh, new plants.

sweet-potato-vine-with-coleus ‘Margarita’ in front of a Coleus planting.Use the gold sweet potato in contrast with purple foliage or flowers. Rose, pink, or blue flowers will also work. For bedding, try the bright purple, pink or rose flowers of trailing verbena for a tapestry of bright foliage and flowers. In containers, add verbena and a vertical flower component such as the blue, spiked flowers of Salvia farinacea. For vertical foliage, try the dark foliage of New Zealand flax (Phormium), a sort of fancy-leafed spike, or the metallic purple, silver, and green foliage of Persian shield (Strobilanthes).

The black-leafed sweet potato looks great with anything bright. Silver or gold foliage is perfect, and bright yellow, pink, rose, or magenta flowers are great as well. Try the silver foliage of licorice plant or the trailing silver leaves of Artemisia ‘Silver Brocade.’ This perennial looks like a sort of trailing dusty miller whose foliage glows in contrast to the large black leaves of Ipomoea batatas ‘Blackie.’ For bright flowers, use trailing verbenas, yellow lantana, or petunias.

When trying to develop these sweet potato combinations, try making a little “bouquet” in your hand with the elements you are considering. This is a great way to predict how your creation will look when complete. Remember that these are very versatile plants so the possible combinations are numerous. And with the hundreds of interesting and attractive plants now available in both perennials and annuals, you are sure to create a hit. It’s hard to err when using reliable, showy foliage like that of the sweet potato vine.

‘Margarita’ and ‘Blackie’ along with Coleus.Sweet Potato Vine

Botanical name: Ipomoea batatas

Plant type: Annual (tender perennial treated as an annual)

Plant size: Height: low, trailing Length: up to several feet

Habit: Low-growing, trailing, cascading

Hardiness: Zone 9 (where it can be grown as a perennial)

Leaf color: Chartreuse (‘Margarita’); dark burgundy (‘Blackie’); green, white and pink (‘Pink Frost’)

Leaf shape: Heart-shaped (‘Margarita’); maple-like (‘Blackie’); arrow-shaped (‘Pink Frost’)

Leaf size: 2-5 inches across

Light: Full sun, partial shade

Soil: Well-drained, moderately fertile

Uses: Containers, hanging baskets

Companion plants: Many annuals and perennials; experiment with both similar and contrasting colors

Remarks: Grown for its cascading habit and attractive foliage, especially to contrast with companion plants

George Papadelis is the owner of Telly’s Greenhouse in Troy, Michigan.

Plant Focus: Catmint

June 18, 2011 •

Walters Gardens
‘Six Hills Giant’ One of the finest blue-flowering perennials available is a type of Nepeta called catmint. Not catnip. Not mint. Catnip is the version that’s popular amongst cats. Mint, as we commonly know it, is in a completely different genus (Mentha) and, although some are attractive, most are used for herbal applications. Mint can also spread uncontrollably through the garden. Catmint, on the other hand, forms manageable clumps, has scented foliage, and is excellent in the perennial or rose garden. There are short and tall varieties available, but almost all of them form clouds of blue spikes above gray-green leaves from mid June to late July or August. No sunny garden in need of blue-flowering plants should be without at least one type of catmint.

Walters Gardens
‘Dawn to Dusk’ Native to parts of Asia, catmint has been used for centuries in Europe. The English have used various Nepetas as long-blooming, scented perennials along the front of the border or pathway. A minty fragrance is released when one brushes along the leaves or steps upon a stray stem. Nepeta is very easy to grow and is even tolerant of poor soil. Some plants in fertile, rich soil will require division every 2 to 4 years to keep the growth habit tidy and manageable. Plants will tolerate full or partial sun but the taller varieties may require staking in less than full sun. Bees and butterflies are especially fond of catmint flowers, while deer and rabbits shy away. Catmint is a fine cut flower as well.

The blue flowers and airy growth habit of catmint make it the perfect companion plant for a rose planting. The small blue flowers of Nepeta look exquisite with the large and bold flowers of almost any color rose. Many summer-blooming perennials are also excellent compliments to catmint. The light and delicate flowers of catmint are perfect against larger flowers. Try the pink bee balm ‘Marshal’s Delight,’ white Shasta daisies, daylilies, tall garden phlox, or coneflower to name a few.

The species of catmint that is most readily available is Nepeta x faassenii. Varieties of this species have a horizontal growth habit and can grow quite wide if not divided every few years. ‘Blue Wonder’ has dark blue flowers and is one of the best low growers. It only grows 12 to 15 inches tall and can spread as wide as 3 feet. The flowers begin in mid-June and will persist until the beginning of August. Deadheading is not necessary but shearing the top third of the plant can prolong the bloom time by a few weeks.

Walters Gardens
‘Walker’s Low’ One of the best-known catmints is the taller ‘Six Hills Giant.’ It is used extensively in England to produce the classic blue border so often portrayed in gardening books. It has violet flowers above plants up to 30 inches tall. ‘Walker’s Low’ is very similar to ‘Six Hills Giant,’ but has slightly darker violet flowers. Its name implies a more compact growth habit, but in reality, this is one of the largest catmints available. It has extra long, 30-inch stems that relax to form a mound 18 to 24 inches tall. Like ‘Six Hills Giant,’ it will start blooming in June and continue through August. Both of these varieties are perfect choices for the front of a bed where a wide, dramatic border of blue is desired. For a pink catmint, try the newer variety ‘Dawn to Dusk’ which features pink flowers on plants that grow three feet tall.

If your garden requires a more erect grower, try a Siberian catmint or Nepeta sibirica. The variety ‘Souvenir d’Andre Chaudron’ has large lavender-blue flower spikes. This one stands up nicely and can be used further back in the border. It begins blooming in July and will last until the end of August or September. It is exceptionally hardy (zone 3) and should not require dividing as frequently as the shorter varieties.

Catmint has something to offer nearly every garden and gardener. The novice will appreciate its undemanding growth requirements, while the new garden will benefit from its rapid rate of growth. Everyone can enjoy its fragrance and the abundance of blue flowers that it provides for the garden or your freshly picked summer bouquet. Catmint may be just what you need for the dog days of summer.

W. Atlee Burpee & Co.
N. mussini Nepeta (NEP-uh-tuh)

Common name: Catmint

Plant type: Perennial

Plant size: Height and width: 12-36 inches, depending on variety

Habit: Clump-forming, airy mound

Hardiness: Zone 5 or colder

Flower color: Various shades of blue and violet; pink

Flower size: 1/2 to 1-1/2 inches long

Bloom period: Summer

Leaf color: Gray-green

Leaf size: 1-1/4 to 3 inches long

Light: Full to partial sun

Soil: Any well-drained soil

Uses: Blue-flowering plant, perennial border, rose bed, cut flower

Companion plants: Roses, bee balm, daisies, daylilies, tall garden phlox, coneflowers, and many more summer-blooming perennials

Remarks: Easy to grow, fragrant foliage

George Papadelis is the owner of Telly’s Greenhouse in Troy, MI.

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